Ten essays, spanning six decades, reveal Du Bois's continuing concern with the Black American's educational needs.

A critical study of Blacks and minorities and America's plural society.

Winner, 2020 American Educational Studies Association Critics' Choice Award As battles over school desegregation helped define a generation of civil rights activism in the United States, a less heralded yet equally important movement emerged in Chicago. Following World War II, an unprecedented number of African Americans looked beyond the issue of racial integration by creating their own schools. This golden age of private education gave African Americans unparalleled autonomy to avoid discriminatory public schools and to teach their children in the best ways they saw fit. In Schools of Our Own, Worth Kamili Hayes recounts how a diverse contingent of educators, nuns, and political activists embraced institution building as the most effective means to attain quality education. Schools of Our Own makes a fascinating addition to scholarly debates about education, segregation, African American history, and Chicago, still relevant in contemporary discussions about the fate of American public schooling.

While white residents of antebellum Boston and New Haven forcefully opposed the education of black residents, their counterparts in slaveholding Baltimore did little to resist the establishment of African American schools. Such discrepancies, Hilary Moss argues, suggest that white opposition to black education was not a foregone conclusion. Through the comparative lenses of these three cities, she shows why opposition erupted where it did across the United States during the same period that gave rise to public education. As common schooling emerged in the 1830s, providing white children of all classes and ethnicities with the opportunity to become full-fledged citizens, it redefined citizenship as synonymous with whiteness. This link between school and American identity, Moss argues, increased white hostility to black education at the same time that it spurred African Americans to demand public schooling as a means of securing status as full and equal members of society. Shedding new light on the efforts of black Americans to learn independently in the face of white attempts to withhold opportunity, Schooling Citizens narrates a previously untold chapter in the thorny history of America’s educational inequality.

""Too Much Schooling with its educational focus, fits into the Afrocentric school of thought with its aim to develop subject-centered analysis and solutions for African children. This book is an attempt to illustrate and demonstrate some of the ways we can use our cultural base to educate children." -- Molefi K. Asante, Author of Africa World Press titles: Afrocentricity; Kemet, Afrocentricity, and Knowledge; The Book of African Names; Thunder and Silence; African Culture. "It is our responsibility as African-American parents, educators and citizens to develop educational settings - formal and informal - where cultural understandings (political, historical, literary, technological, financial, health, law, etc.) are not transmitted accidentally, but by design. Too Much Schooling, Too Little Education is an over-needed addition to the ongoing search for meaningful African-centered education. Dr. Shujaa has edited a collection that is not only a first in this field, he has also assembled in one volume some of the best thinkers and practitioners working today. This book is more than impressive, it is required reading." -- Haki R. Madhubuti, Publisher of Third World Press."--taken from back cover.